Although the current issue of the Slavonic Review was not intended to be thematic, it does contain four studies focusing on the history of Ukraine in the period shortly after the First World War. The fifth study deals with the history of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. Two studies are in English and three in Czech.
STUDIE / STUDIES
KUTÍLEK Jan Jews in Limbo: Decay of the State Authority in Galicia in 1918 as a Prelude to Post-War Anti-Jewish Violence pp. 169–192 The economic situation in Galicia in the last year of the war was desolate. Protests, strikes, and looting marked the beginning of 1918. Then a wave of violence came in response to the Brest-Litovsk Treaty. Jews were considered a foreign element loyal to the hated central authorities and were often the targets of violence. After the national passions caused by the loss of the Cheɬm region due to the Brest-Litovsk peace cooled down, the violence caused primarily by food shortages emerged. Jews perceived as dishonest merchants were often the victims of an angry mob. In the last months before the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, war exhaustion was steadily becoming more noticeable. The hardships caused by the lack of food as well as national and social stirrings worsened the overall situation. Keywords: Anti-Jewish Violence; Galicia; Austria-Hungary; Poland; Food Riot; National Upheaval
HUBENÝ David Počátky československého četnictva na Podkarpatské Rusi v letech 1919–1922 The beginnings of the Czechoslovak gendarmerie in Subcarpathian Ruthenia 1919–1922 pp. 193–208 The provision of security in Subcarpathian Ruthenia represented a difficult task for Czechoslovakia, which had to be realized in the period of the postwar disruption with insufficient material and human resources, and it was often necessary to reckon with passionate social, ethnic, and religious movements. The gendarmerie, initially operating on the principle of temporarily or permanently transferred gendarmes from the Czech lands, who naturally had to first become acclimatized to their new environment, represented the basic security force that provided for public peace and stability in the countryside and small towns. Key words: gendarmerie; Subcarpathian Ruthenia; Czechoslovakia
FRYNTA Jakub Ke vztahu machnovštiny a bolševismu v roce 1920 On the relationship between the Makhnovshchina and Bolshevism in 1920 pp. 209–242 This study analyzes the relationship between the Makhnovshchina (Makhno movement) and the Bolsheviks in 1920. It focuses on circumstances and factors that led Makhnovists and the Bolsheviks to sign the Starobilsk Agreement, and asks questions about how both sides perceived this agreement, and what their expectations were. It also discusses the ramifications of concluding the agreement and its significance for the subsequent alliance. The relations between the Makhnovshchina and the Bolsheviks can be characterized as ambivalent and dynamic. The relations were based in common interests that consisted of the defeat of the White Army; however, they had different goals, which gradually led to further military confrontation. Unlike the Bolsheviks, who had clear plans for the Makhnovshchina, the Makhnovists lacked a defined concept for developing their movement after the defeat of Wrangel. For the Makhnovists, the Starobilsk Agreement may have been a means to legitimize their movement; however, for the Bolsheviks, it made a convenient means for their liquidation. Thus, paradoxically, in 1920 the Makhnovshchina became an unintentional “long arm” of the Bolsheviks, which indirectly helped them gain control over southeastern Ukraine. Key words: Nestor Makhno; Makhnovshchina; Starobilsk Agreement; anarchism; Bolshevism; Russian Civil War; Ukraine
LOZOVIUK Petr „Kde je síla, tam je i svoboda!“ Ukrajinské sokolské hnutí v meziválečném Československu “Where there is strength, there is freedom!”. The Ukrainian Sokol movement in interwar Czechoslovakia pp. 243–265 The Ukrainian Sokol movement abroad is an interesting social phenomenon from the point of view of studying the formation of the modern Ukrainian nation. In addition to the cultivation of physical fitness, education for active patriotism occupied an important place in the Sokol ideology. The study traces the process of the development of a specific analogy of the Sokol movement in the conditions of the still forming Ukrainian nation in a historical perspective. The emphasis is placed on its institutionalisation in the conditions of the ethnic diaspora. The main source of information for such a focused study was the contemporary emigrant press and other publications published in the diaspora. The most comprehensive reports on the issues discussed can be found in the monthly Ukrainian Sokol, whose publisher was the Union of Ukrainian Sokol Abroad, the organisation that receives the most attention in the text. In addition to the formation of national consciousness, the role of Ukrainian Sokol lay in the consolidation of disparate Ukrainian currents of opinion in an environment of politically disunited emigration. The author concludes that the Sokol movement played a significant role in shaping the ideology of Ukrainian nationalism on the territory of the Czech lands during the period under study. Key words: Ukrainian Sokol; interwar Czechoslovakia; Ukrainian nationalism; Ukrainian emigration
ZLATANOV Aleksandăr Cross-cultural Contacts during the Tanzimat: The Ottoman Cossacks Regiment and its Reception pp. 267–283 The following article examines a slightly different kind of cross-cultural contacts during the 19th century Ottoman Balkans through authentic examples in this historical context – a very specific case study within the period of the Tanzimat reforms and Westernization of the Late Ottoman Empire. This case study is about the Ottoman Cossacks Regiment, a first of its kind, almost entirely Christian military unit, created by the Polish convert Michał Czajkowski – Sadık Pasha. This case study incorporates mainly Slavic non-Muslim subjects of the Sultan from Ottoman Rumelia as well as some European emigrants, all of them as soldiers, sergeants, and officers of the Ottoman Cossacks Regiment, their interactions and conflicts with each other, their relation and reception with the Muslim subjects and the Ottoman state, all against the fabric of the Tanzimat. Keywords: Michał Czajkowski – Sadık Pasha; Ottoman Cossacks Regiment; Tanzimat; Bulgarians; Poles; Ottoman Rumelia
RECENZE / BOOK REVIEWS
Alena MARKOVÁ, The Path to a Soviet Nation. The Policy of Belarusization (Mariia Kuznetcova) pp. 285–289
Marek JAKOUBEK – Lenka J. BUDILOVÁ, Living in Two Worlds. Bulgarian Czechs in the Village of Voyvodovo (Anna Jagošová) pp. 289–291
Nenad KARAMIJALKOVIĆ – Ana JELIĆ, General František Zach. Životna priča češko-srpskog panslaviste (Václav Štěpánek) 291–298
ZPRÁVY / BOOK REPORTSpp. 299–301
ZPRÁVY Z VĚDECKÉHO ŽIVOTA / NEWS FROM ACADEMIC LIFE
Pátý ročník konference Studentské dialogy o východní Evropě (Brno – Olomouc – Praha) The fifth annual Student Dialogues on Eastern Europe conference (Brno – Olomouc – Prague) (Marek Příhoda) pp. 303–307
Konference Ozbrojené síly a československý stát. Za hranice země v boji za svou vlast – Brno 19. září 2023 Conference “Ozbrojené síly a československý stát. Za hranice země v boji za svou vlast” [Armed Forces and the Czechoslovak State: Beyond the Country’s Borders in the Battle for their Homeland] – Brno 19 September 2023 (Jiří Friedl) pp. 307–309
Konferencia „Promýšlet Evropu dvacátého století: Kontinuita vs. diskontinuita“ Conference “Rethinking 20th Century Europe: Continuity versus Discontinuity֨” (Tatiana Peťková) pp. 309–311